Contribution 2: Respond to both : .
Trait theory studies human personalities identifying and measuring the degree to which certain personality traits exist within individuals (Trait Theory, 2016). Recurring patterns of thought and behavior are assessed and assigned a degree of that trait, determining a persons personality. Trait theory has been used in conjunction with many other theories. For example Latent trait theories developed by Gottfredson, Hirschi, Wilson, and Hernstein integrate choice theory concepts and are used as a theory for crime (Grasmick, Tittle, Bursik & Arneklev, 1993), however it does not explain why these personality traits evolve.
The Leadership Challenge, a global campaign to liberate the leader in everyone (Leadership Challenge, 2016), also took on trait analysis whilst investigating what people look for and want from their leaders (Kouzes & Posner, 2012). A survey of thousands of business and government leaders was held and from that several hundred different values, traits and characteristics were identified through an open-ended question. Further analysis of the results reduced the list to twenty characteristics and the Characteristics of Admired Leaders Checklist was formed. The results show consistent data, from year on year surveys, proving that there are some essential character tests an individual must pass before others are willing to grant a designated leader.
One of the biggest strengths of trait theory is that it is understandable and straightforward, it can be implemented quiet easily and has been used over the years in varying formats (Trait Theory, 2016). Unlike personality theory or psychology it is quiet intuitive and widely used (Trait Theory, 2016). Trait theory is also objective it relies on hard data, or statistical analysis (Trait Theory, 2016), however trait theory does not address why these traits develop. It is an objective theory but can be interpreted and analyzed in varying ways, it does not address the development of the traits or how a negative trait can be improved or a positive trait emphasized (Trait Theory, 2016).
and:
The three levels of leadership model
The theory is based on the strength and limitations of older and more traditional theories. It is often used as a base for leaders who associate themselves with the philosophy theories of servant leadership. This theory is attributed to an essay entitled \”The servant as leader\” written by Robert Greenleaf (1970) which raised the debate between the individuals or decentralized approach over the merits of a centralized organizational structure as a management style to successfully run companies, (Investopedia, n.d.). Followers of this theory also associate themselves to the authentic leadership ideology preaching self-awareness and genuine emotions, mission driven and focused, leading with their heart and looking at the long term, (Walumbwa et al., 2008).
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